zval* array;
array_init(array);
add_assoc_string(array, "key", "value", 1);



zval* array;
ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(array);
Z_TYPE_P(array) = IS_ARRAY;

HashTable *h;
ALLOC_HASHTABLE(h);
Z_ARRVAL_P(array)=h;
zend_hash_init(h, 50, NULL,ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);

zval* barZval;
MAKE_STD_ZVAL(barZval);
ZVAL_STRING(barZval, "value", 0);
zend_hash_add(h, "key", 4, &barZval, sizeof(zval*), NULL);




//add_assoc_*系列函数：
add_assoc_null(zval *aval, char *key);
add_assoc_bool(zval *aval, char *key, zend_bool bval);
add_assoc_long(zval *aval, char *key, long lval);
add_assoc_double(zval *aval, char *key, double dval);
add_assoc_string(zval *aval, char *key, char *strval, int dup);
add_assoc_stringl(zval *aval, char *key,char *strval, uint strlen, int dup);
add_assoc_zval(zval *aval, char *key, zval *value);

//备注：其实这些函数都是宏，都是对add_assoc_*_ex函数的封装。

//add_index_*系列函数：
ZEND_API int add_index_long		(zval *arg, ulong idx, long n);
ZEND_API int add_index_null		(zval *arg, ulong idx			);
ZEND_API int add_index_bool		(zval *arg, ulong idx, int b	);
ZEND_API int add_index_resource	(zval *arg, ulong idx, int r	);
ZEND_API int add_index_double	(zval *arg, ulong idx, double d);
ZEND_API int add_index_string	(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_index_stringl	(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_index_zval		(zval *arg, ulong index, zval *value);

//add_next_index_*函数：
ZEND_API int add_next_index_long		(zval *arg, long n	);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_null		(zval *arg			);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_bool		(zval *arg, int b	);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_resource	(zval *arg, int r	);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_double		(zval *arg, double d);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_string		(zval *arg, const char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_stringl		(zval *arg, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_zval		(zval *arg, zval *value);




PHP中				内核中
$arr[] = NULL;		add_next_index_null(arr);
$arr[] = 42;		add_next_index_long(arr, 42);
$arr[] = true;		add_next_index_bool(arr, 1);
$arr[] = 3.14;		add_next_index_double(arr, 3.14);
$arr[] = 'foo';		add_next_index_string(arr, "foo");
$arr[] = $var;		add_next_index_zval(arr, zval);